Intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) come in different forms and impact a person’s ability to perform many of life’s basic functions. At Person Centered Services, we offer I/DD services in California to help our clients and their families thrive at home, work, school, and social settings. Read on to learn more about I/DD and its impacts on individuals and their communities.

Types of I/DD Conditions

I/DD conditions are usually present at birth and significantly impact both intelligence and adaptive behaviors, often across more than one body part or system. Though I/DDs may go undetected for some time, they start during childhood and continue for a person’s entire life, causing difficulties in education, work, and daily living. I/DD often affects multiple body parts and systems. 

There are endless conditions that fall under the I/DD umbrella, including:

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
• Down Syndrome
• Cerebral Palsy
• Fragile X syndrome
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Turner Syndrome
• Lead poisoning
• Spina bifida
• Prader-Willi Syndrome

Prevalence of I/DD

There is some difference of opinion regarding the prevalence of I/DD. Different definitions of I/DD complicate getting an accurate number, but it is estimated that there are over 7.39 million people with I/DD in America. In California alone, I/DD affects over 458,00 individuals and their families.  

Understanding the Causes of I/DD

Just as there is no single type of I/DD, there is no single cause. Depending on the condition, I/DD may be caused by:

• Pregnancy complications
• Birth complications and defects
• Childhood illness or injury
• Environmental hazards 

Diagnosis and Early Intervention

Each type of I/DD has its own symptoms and diagnostic criteria, and they may differ even between people with the same condition. An I’DD is usually first noticed by parents and caregivers in infancy or childhood when a child struggles with meeting basic milestones such as: 

Intellectual Functioning

• Communication
• Learning processes
• Math and number concepts
• Reasoning
• Abstract thinking
• Problem-solving

Adaptive Behavior:

• Gross motor skills: walking, running, jumping
• Impulse control
• Attention Span
• Judgment 
• Routines
• Hygiene

Depending on the specific symptoms, pediatricians may run tests for signs of injury, illness, or genetic abnormalities to explain challenges or provide referrals to specialists. Different interventions can help children with I/DD to function optimally in educational, home, and social settings. These can include

• Early childhood intervention services
• An IEP or 504 plan at school
• Adaptive devices for speaking, reading, or mobility concerns
• Occupational therapy or physical to improve motor skills and adaptive skills

Living with I/DD: Challenges and Triumph

As children with I/DD grow up and reach adulthood, they continue to face obstacles with independent living, socialization, education, and employment. Regardless of their challenges, individuals with I/DD can and do live full and rewarding lives with the right support systems. Our I/DD advocates work tirelessly with people with I/DD in California to put the person first and focus on their talents and accomplishments rather than on their challenges by assisting with:

• Career training
• Job placement assistance
• Mental health support
• Supportive living
• Educational classes
• Social groups

Support Us Or Get Help With I/DD Services In California

Want to know more about our I/DD services in California? Check out our calendar and join us at an event near you, or contact us to receive services or volunteer.
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